In class activity 2/6-2/8

Article 1

1. Boeije, H., Slagt, M., & Wesel, F. V. (2013). The Contribution of Mixed Methods Research to the Field of Childhood Trauma. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 7(4), 347-369. doi:10.1177/1558689813482756
2. Mixed methods 
3. The authors use mixed methods when researching childhood trauma by making sure there is a qualitative and quantitative aspect to ensure efficiency. Using mixed methods for childhood trauma enables them to build and validate theories along with being able to develop and evaluate intervention methods for treating traumatized children.
4. This particular article discusses the use of mixed methods as well as the effectiveness of using mixed methods more than actually applying it. This article explains and looks into what it is being used for and how helpful it is when dealing with childhood trauma.
5. One interesting thing I found from this article was how helpful and useful it can be to use mixed methods when studying childhood trauma but it can also be sort of pointless if not done appropriately. I did not know how important it was to have both qualitative and quantitative aspects in order to be able to connect with the individuals and gather accurate information. There are multiple uses for mixed methods which can involve treatment evaluation as well as the actual impacts of childhood trauma.

Article 2

1. Lilly, M. M., London, M. J., & Bridgett, D. J. (2014). Using SEM to examine emotion regulation and revictimization in predicting PTSD symptoms among childhood abuse survivors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(6), 644-651. doi:10.1037/a0036460 
2. Policy
3. In this article a study was conducted to try and find any possible correlation between childhood trauma and similar abuse in adulthood with intimate relationships. The study was also done to find the occurrence or risk of PTSD in adults who experienced childhood trauma. The article ties in the use of policy based on the results of the study which demonstrated high correlations between abuse and trauma from childhood into adulthood.
4. The study found that adults who had experienced childhood trauma had poorer emotion regulation, increased PTSD, and had high rates of re-victimization in adulthood.
5. I found it interesting that the study was able to find that adults who experienced childhood trauma and maltreatment were actually more likely and did experience similar mark treatment as adults. This helps answer my research question about how experiencing trauma in childhood impacts that individual several life stages later.

Article 3

1. Tanaka, M., Wekerle, C., Schmuck, M. L., & Paglia-Boak, A. (2011). The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self-compassion in child welfare adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 887-898. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.07.003 
2. Participatory action research
3. By using participatory action research, they were able to give out questionnaires from those who had experienced childhood trauma first hand. The researchers did not need to go out and observe the individuals or do brain scans, they were able to get an inside look at how these individuals view themselves as a result of the trauma they experienced. This type of research allowed for the study to gather more personal information.
4. This study found that the vast majority of the young individuals who filled out questionnaires on how they viewed themselves had very low self esteems and self confidence. When they were given the same questionnaire a couple years later, many of the original results remained because it was more likely for these children to lack a positive adult figure in their life. This study confirmed that childhood trauma plays an extremely influential role in the chances of succeeding later in life because bad habits have already been started at a very young age.
5. What I found interesting was that this article and study looked at personal reflection of children who had experienced childhood trauma and how that changed, if at all, over the next couple of years. Typically with childhood trauma, studies are done on observable characteristics and actions but this study attempted to understand or see what the children who have experienced the trauma view themselves.

Article 4

1. Kaplan, S. (2006). Children in genocide Extreme traumatization and the 'affect propeller' International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 87(3), 725-746. doi:10.1516/9c86-h1rg-k3ff-drah
2. Grounded Theory
3. Grounded theory is used for qualitative research where data is obtained through interviews, observations, and then use this information to formulate a theory. In this article grounded theory was used because it was the best way for the author to form the relationship between concepts and theories about social and psychological processes. She wanted to find out more about the psychological effects of childhood trauma and how it impacts the ability to live throughout the remainder of their lives. By using grounded theory she was able to interview individuals that had gone through extreme childhood trauma in times of genocide and was able to observe how certain objects trigger certain emotions or thoughts based on the trauma experienced in childhood.
4. This article found that many individuals that had experienced the childhood trauma due to genocide had put these memories in an isolated area of the brain and were essentially responding and acting in the time they had created in their mind, ignoring their external environment. It is like these individuals were living in some inner world and would sometimes react or respond to certain actions or surroundings due to the trauma they had experienced but may not necessarily know that's the reason why, the memories are "forgotten". 
5. One thing I found interesting from this article was that Kaplan decided to interview individuals on the trauma experienced during childhood. In order for her to truly understand the impacts it has on adult life she had to get details on the event, essentially having the individuals she interviewed relive the trauma. Doing this could have been a setback for the individual because if they had not been able to find a way to cope with the trauma it could have set them into a panic attack or another form of extreme discomfort. At the same time I understand how crucial it was for her to have details on the event(s) because this is what gave her the opportunity to find what makes these individuals tick and what sets them back into this horrible mindset.